Anaemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Have you ever felt unusually tired, even after a full night's sleep? Or do you notice your skin looking a bit paler than usual? These could be signs of a common condition called anaemia. But what exactly is anaemia, and why does it make you feel so drained? It all comes down to something called haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body, giving you the energy you need to go about your day. When you have low haemoglobin levels, your body doesn’t get enough oxygen, leading to anaemia.

In this article, we’ll explore the different anaemia causes, how to recognize anaemia symptoms, and the most effective anaemia treatments available. Understanding these aspects can help you manage or even prevent this condition, ensuring your body stays energised and healthy.

Causes of Anaemia or Low Haemoglobin

So, why do people get anaemia? There isn’t just one answer. Anaemia can happen for several reasons, and it’s important to identify the cause to treat it effectively. Here are some common anaemia causes:

• Iron Deficiency: This is the most common cause of anaemia worldwide. Your body needs iron to make haemoglobin, so if your diet lacks iron or your body isn’t absorbing it properly, your haemoglobin levels can drop. Pregnant women and people who have heavy periods are more at risk of iron deficiency anaemia.
• Vitamin Deficiency: Vitamins like B12 and folate play a crucial role in producing healthy red blood cells. A lack of these vitamins can lead to what’s called vitamin deficiency anaemia. People who follow strict vegetarian or vegan diets without proper supplements might be at risk of this type.
• Chronic Diseases: Conditions like kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, or cancer can interfere with your body's ability to produce red blood cells, leading to anaemia.
• Blood Loss: Losing blood — whether due to injury, surgery, or conditions like stomach ulcers — can lead to anaemia. This can also be a gradual process from chronic bleeding in the digestive tract.
• Bone Marrow and Blood Disorders: Some conditions, such as leukaemia or aplastic anaemia, affect the bone marrow, where red blood cells are produced.

Symptoms to Watch For

How do you know if you might have anaemia? The symptoms can vary depending on how severe the condition is, but here are some anaemia symptoms to keep an eye on:

• Fatigue and Weakness: When your body doesn’t get enough oxygen, it affects your energy levels, leaving you feeling tired and weak.
• Pale Skin: Low haemoglobin levels can make your skin look paler than usual.
• Shortness of Breath: Feeling out of breath after simple activities can indicate anaemia.
• Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Anaemia can cause dizzy spells, especially when standing up too quickly.
• Cold Hands and Feet: Reduced blood flow can make your extremities feel colder than usual.
• Heart Palpitations: When low on oxygen, your heart may beat faster, causing palpitations.

Treatment and Prevention

The good news is that anaemia treatment is usually straightforward once you know what’s causing it. Here are some ways to manage and prevent anaemia:

• Iron Supplements: If iron deficiency is the cause, your doctor might recommend iron tablets or injections in severe cases. Eating iron-rich foods like red meat, spinach, and lentils can also help.
• Vitamin Supplements: For those low in B12 or folate, supplements can help. Foods like eggs, dairy, and leafy greens are also beneficial.
• Treating Underlying Conditions: Managing illnesses like kidney disease or arthritis can improve haemoglobin levels.
• Dietary Changes: A balanced diet with iron, vitamins, and nutrients is key to preventing anaemia.
• Blood Transfusions: In severe cases, blood transfusions may be necessary to quickly increase red blood cell count.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Regular exercise, staying hydrated, and avoiding excessive caffeine and alcohol can help maintain healthy blood levels.

Conclusion

Anaemia might seem like a simple issue, but its impact on your overall health can be significant if left untreated. Recognising the anaemia symptoms and understanding the anaemia causes can empower you to take charge of your health. Whether it’s through supplements, a healthier diet, or treating an underlying condition, there are many effective anaemia treatments available that can help you feel like yourself again.

If you ever find yourself feeling persistently tired or experiencing any of the symptoms we discussed, don’t ignore it. Seek medical advice and take steps to maintain a balanced diet and lifestyle. Your body depends on oxygen, and healthy haemoglobin levels are the key to keeping you energised and strong.